Title |
WATER CONFLICT IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IN IRAN: A HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS |
| J Ecol Environ Sci Vol:2 Iss:2 (2011-12-15) : 27-40 |
Authors |
MASOUD BIJANI, DARIUSH HAYATI |
Published on |
15 Dec 2011 Pages : 27-40 Article Id : BIA0001104 Views : 1043 Downloads : 1268 |
DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0976-9900.2.2.27-40 |
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Abstract |
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Utilizable fresh water for using in agricultural sector is very limited especially in Iran. That shortage is the cause of conflicts among stakeholders. They also have some impacts on the environment. The intention of water conflict in this article is a term describing conflicts among water stakeholders in agricultural sector especially between farmers and government. Indeed, water scarcity, inequality to access, use and decision about water, can be a threat in the stakeholders' life quality and an obstacle in the road of human and environmental development. It is clear that environment can be affected from these conflicts. The goal of this article is investigating on the fresh and surface water conflicts of agricultural sector and its reasons and consequences in the background of human ecological analysis conflict in agriculture with emphasis on agricultural sector in Iran. Research methodology that used is descriptive with collecting information through documentary studies. This article, tries to investigate theoretical background of conflict management and POET model for analyzing human ecological effects of water conflicts especially in agricultural sector in Iran. Water conflict in agricultural sector of Iran has been described in three turning points in the last current decades. The result of this study shows that the most important water conflict is between water stakeholders and government and the best solution of this conflict is transfer from government to governance. Description of this subject discussed and explained in details in this article and some executive recommendations have been presented at the end of the article.
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Title |
EVALUATION OF LIGHT EFFECT ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CASPIAN BOX TREE (BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS) IN RESERVE ZONE (DOROSTKAR FOREST), IRAN |
| J Ecol Environ Sci Vol:2 Iss:2 (2011-12-15) : 41-45 |
Authors |
KAMBIZ TAHERI ABKENAR, BAHERE ABDINEJAD |
Published on |
15 Dec 2011 Pages : 41-45 Article Id : BIA0001105 Views : 1098 Downloads : 1231 |
DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0976-9900.2.2.41-45 |
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Abstract |
Full Text |
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Boxus is as commercial main species in Guilan province (Guilan/Iran) that unfortunately because of irregular exploitation have devastated. In this research for quantitative and qualitative study of the Boxus Hyrcana 30 micro plot with area of 100 square meter is selected, in each micro plot quantitative and qualitative evaluations as well as the status of Buxus Hyrcana’ regeneration were considered.
With photometry test in stand response of some quantitative & qualitative characteristics of Buxus hyrcana in different photos condition is investigated. For these purpose different degrees of stem quality, stem forking, crown vitality of Buxus has recorded in statistics application sheet, too.
The results showed that stem quality and crown vitality of Buxus Hyrcana seedling has affected by different photos conditions as in low light intensity the frequency of first grade stem quality was better and also the frequency of stem forking in this species has not affected.
The results of this research demonstrated that, some of the quantitative & qualitative characteristics of Buxus Hyrcana trees are changed in different photos condition. In relation to vitality and quality of stem first - grade it seems that decrease in high light intensity condition, Quantitative results showed that the study area with 6720 Buxus Hyrcana seedling in each hectares, is classified as good class and on the other hand more than 75 % of seedling include as perfect quality.
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