The planktonic population and the physico chemical parameters of the Ghanpur Lake have been studied for a period of twelve months. Ghanpur lake is situated Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The physico chemical parameters and planktonic diversity was studied from February 2009 to January 2010. The physico chemical parameters includes Temperature, pH, Transparency, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Free CO2, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Sulphates, Phosphates, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). During summer Temperature, pH, Conductivity, TDS, DO, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chlorides and BOD was found to be increased and gradually decreased in rainy season. Sulphates and phosphates were found to be high in winter season and low in summer season. Therefore this lake has rich number of species and biodiversity of aquatic animals. A total of 13 Zooplanktons were identified, among these rotifers 7 species, Copepods 3 species, Cladocera 2 species, Ostracoda 1species, of which rotifers and copepods are dominating. Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepod populations were high during summer season and low in rainy season. While the Ostracode species were recorded high in rainy season and low in winter season.

Periphyton is a group of organisms attached to benthic sediment, rock at the bottom and edges of water-bodies. In many areas around the world, they are considered appropriate indicators of ecological condition and pollution. Little is known of the shallow small lakes and ponds of tropical regions, especially those located at lower altitudes. Based on these considerations it was decided to look at the species composition of the periphyton community of two small ponds located in Chapra, Bihar. Monthly collections of periphytons were done for two years from both the water bodies. Species diversity index was calculated using Shannon-Weiner Index. Various parameters of species diversity such as species richness, abundance, evenness etc. were assessed for the two ponds. Dissimilarity index as well as Beta diversity for the two habitats was also calculated for better analysis of results. The species composition was found to agree with other studies of tropical ponds & lakes, with a dominance of Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae and a general paucity of Euglenophyceae and Chlorophyceae in both pond water bodies. Species richness varied considerably among the ponds. A low evenness in the species abundances was found in Pond A when compared to Pond B. The density and diversity of phytoplanktons in increasing order is as follows: Myxophyceae> Bacillariophyceae>Chlorophyceae>Euglenophyceae. The density of and diversity of zooplanktons in increasing order is as follows: Rotifera>Copepoda>Protozoa>Cladocera. The Dissimilarity index between the two species was found to be 0.07 in 2 habitats viz: Pond A & B. The Beta diversity in the two pond water bodies was found to be 2.

The liver is a target organ for applying nutritional research studies. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of different fish diets in Sparus aurata’s liver morphology. S. aurata were fed the experimental diets for 41 days. Tissue liver samples were obtained from three fish of each dietary treatment, fixed, dehydrated and embedded in resin blocks. Semi-thin sections (2-3 μm) stained with toluidine blue. Ultra-thin sections (40-80 nm) were prepared for T.E.M. observation. The general morphology of all the examined samples was normal. All the samples had exocrine pancreatic islets with similar number of secretory zymogen granules in acinar cells. The number similarity of the secretory zymogen granules suggests that all the examined fishes irrespectively of their dietary treatment were in similar nutritional condition. However, this study shows fish fed a commercial diet had larger lipid droplets in their liver compared with those fed the other two diets. The commercial diet contained higher percentage of lipids, higher percentage of fish oil and plant ingredients that are not digestible and contain anti - nutritional factors (substances - protease inhibitors). In sea bream, steatosis can result either by an increase in the dietary lipid content or an essential fatty acid deficiency or by the use of vegetable oils in the diets.

Deviation from normal conditions under which poultry kept could be caused by many factors, and these will adversely affect poultry health and performance. This deviation from normal conditions known as stress. Factors that cause stress such as extreme heat or cold, high humidity, poor ventilation, forced molting, transport, overcrowding and vaccination. Forced molting is practiced by many producers to increase egg-laying cycles. Producers perform molting either by light restriction or feed removal for 5-14 days. All these will suppress birds immunity, therefore birds health and performance will be affected. Many researches assured susceptibility of birds to salmonella species due to feed withdrawal. Due to the progress of concern of poultry welfare an alternative methods to feed removal were discussed and examined by scientists. Use of diet containing high fibre - low energy was suggested by researchers to induce molting in laying hens. Dietary Alfalfa seems to be a preferable alternative to feed deprivation for molt induction in laying hens.

Garra palaruvica sp. nov., a new cyprinid fish, is described from the Palaruvi falls, Kallada River basin near Thenmala in Kerala, India. It is distinguished from all other Indian species of the genus Garra by intermediate development of mental disc and central pad, long maxillary barbels, well exposed isthmus region. Other characters are compared and in diagnoses with closely and distantly related species. This new species, with its morphology of mental disc, shows close similarities with species of Garra from Arabia and Ethiopia.