Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre [family: Fabaceae] popularly known as “Karanj” or “Karanja” in Hindi, and Indian beech in English, is a medium-sized glabrous tree. The Pongamia pinnata seeds were collected in and around the Bidar and Gulbarga area. The goal of research work is to biochemical characterization of primary metabolites such as sugar, starch, protein, lipid, phenol, ascorbic acid and amino acid which are present in different plant parts of Pongamia pinnata. It is adaptable tree for tropical and sub-tropical regions which requires excellent drainage and a sunny location. It grows easily from seed. Historically, this plant has long been used in India and neighboring regions as a source of traditional medicines, animal fodder, green manure, timber, fish poison and fuel. Extract of the plant possess significant anti-diarrhoeal, anti-fungal, anti-plasmodial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Its oil is a source of biodiesel. It has also alternative source of energy, which is renewable, safe and non-pollutant. This article briefly reviews the botany, distribution, ecology, uses of the plant and as a source of biodiesel. This is an attempt to compile and document information on different aspect of Pongamia pinnata and its potential use as a source of biodiesel.