Introduction- Hodgkin’s disease primarily involves lymphoreticular system with characteristic tumor cells and infiltration of reactive lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells. It is said that FNAC has greater diagnostic accuracy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma than non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Aim- The present study is undertaken to determine the incidence and age wise distribution of Hodgkin’s disease in our tertiary care hospital. Material and Method- A retrospective study of 1194 consecutive patients with lymphadenopathy was conducted over a period of eighteen months; between July, 2010 to December, 2011 in the department of pathology this hospital. Aspiration was done after taking detailed clinical history and physical examination of the patient. FNAC results were compared with final histopathological diagnosis. Results- FNA results were classified as inadequate material, non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic lesions which include metastatic carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Out of all the studied lymph nodes (1194) during above mentioned period, 17 patients showed cytomorphology of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1.42%). Age distribution was between 5 years to 70 years. The peak incidence was noted in first decade of life. Hodgkin’s lymphoma also showed male predominance with male: female ratio of 7.5:1. The initial affected site most commonly seen was cervical lymph node (11 cases). The most frequent initial chief complaint was a palpable mass. Conclusion- FNAC is safe and inexpensive, outdoor patient procedure with a high diagnostic yield, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

Studies on genetic diversity and relationships between twenty different varieties of mulberry were assayed with selected RAPD and ISSR genetic markers. In the present investigation, the selected mulberry varieties were amplified with 16 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers. The results showed 70 reproducible bands out of which, 61 were polymorphic accounting 81.3% polymorphism with RAPD primers. In contrast, 43 polymorphic bands were generated by ISSR primers out of which 42 were polymorphic bands with 97.6% polymorphism. The primers used in the present study generated unique banding pattern in all the test varieties and most of the varieties exhibited unique molecular genotype. Population genetic structure analysis of these varieties also revealed high genetic differentiation coefficient (GST), heterozygosity among populations (Ht) and low gene flow (Nm). The dendrogram was generated using Ward’s Euclidean distance and UPGMA methods. Based on the number of RAPD and ISSR bands, the mulberry varieties were grouped into 5 clusters. Among these, 5th cluster was paired with other varieties. Based on the results obtained on cluster analyses, it is formulated that, 3 varieties of mulberry were considered as one group, whereas other 4 clusters may be included under separate group.

Clerodendrum is widely distributed plant in India and its medicinal use has been mentioned in traditional Indian systems. In the present study six species of Clerodendrum (C. inerme, C. peniculatum, C. philippinum, C. phlomidis, C. serratum and C. villosum) were screened for the presence of phytochemicals and were found positive for Glycosides, Terpeniods, Anthraquinones, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Lignin, Phenol and Alkaloids. All the species showed Antioxidant potential for all the Antioxidant Assays tested (DPPH Assay, Reducing Power Assay and Total Antioxidant Activity). For DPPH assay maximum antioxidant activity was seen for C. inerme, and C. serratum showed maximum activity in Reducing Power Assay and Total Antioxidant Activity. The plant species were also analyzed to check for their Antibacterial Activity. Among the solvents (Chloroform, Ethanol, Methanol, Iso-amyl Alcohol and Propanol) used for extraction, the Iso-amyl Alcohol extract was found to be most active compared to other solvent extracts. B. subtilis and S. aureus were most sensitive among the tested pathogens. Proteus sp exhibited sensitivity towards most of the plant sp and for almost all solvent extracts. These findings can be used as prerequisite for Clerodendrum plant screening for bioactive compound for medicinal purposes. Genomic DNA was extracted from the fresh leaves of selected cultivars and PCR was performed by using RAPD primers to check the genetic diversity among these species. From the PCR generated fingerprint, dendrogram was plotted by cluster analysis of similarity matrix. Dendrogram constructed by cluster analysis of RAPD markers showed that C. inerme and C. serratum are closely related. As very little work has been done on molecular characterization of Clerodendrum sp. by RAPD technique, our finding can be used as prerequisite for plant breeding activities as well as for conservation of genetic resources.