Chromium as a toxic heavy metal is of major concern due to the various health effects on human and as a pollutant to environment. Chromium makes land desolate by forming toxic soluble chromium compounds in soil and water bodies. At present various microorganisms are used for bioremediation of chromium from soil and water bodies. The aim of present work was to bioremediate chromium from synthetic solutions by a white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (MTCC787) using in form of viable cells, microbial biosorbent (dried cells) and immobilised cells at different physical parameters i.e. pH, temperature and medium with substrates like Citric acid, Tween 80 and EDTA.

The implications of diet on health sustainability have assumed a major importance. Microcystis are able to enhance the nutritional content of conventional food and feed preparation and hence to positively affect humans and animal health due to their original chemical compositions, protein contents, antioxidant properties, vitamins and other biologically active compounds. Butylated hydroxytoluene ‘BHT’ is one of the synthetic antioxidant agents commonly used for food additives. Cyanobactria like Oscillatoria sp. and Microcystis aerungionosa, those are commonly available in the coastal zone of Puri District of Odisha State were capable of producing this compound. Extracts from these two species exhibited various degrees of antioxidant properties when they were tested with free radical scavenging assay. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of Microcystic aerungionosa, which displayed a similar activity to synthetic BHT. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis concluded that the compounds are very similar to the synthetic BHT. This synthetic antioxidant was produced in the cells irradiated with higher light intensity. More BHT was produced in the cells irradiated with a higher light intensity and its production was irradiance dependent. The quantity of cellular BHT displayed a positive correlation with antioxidant activity of the tested species. The present study confirms the production of natural antioxidant like BHT from these two species of Puri District of Odisha State which constitute a potential source for producing natural antioxidant.

Introduction- Klebsiella pneumoniae have been identified as an important common pathogen for nosocomial pneumonia (7 to 14% of all cases), septicaemia (4 to 15% of all cases), wound infections (2 to 4% of all cases), neonatal septicaemia (3 to 30% of all cases). It also causes bacteremia and hepatic infections and have been isolated from a number of unusual infections including endocarditis, primary gascontaining mediastinal abscess, cholecyctitis, diarrhoea, peritonitis, crepitant myonecrosis, pyomyositis, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis. β-lactam antimicrobial agents are most common treatment option for such infections. Results and observations- 986 Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia were isolated from blood (254), urine (241), respiratory specimens (206), pus (215) and body fluids (70). Among 986 clinical isolated of K. pneumoniae 718 (72.81%) isolates were from inpatients (IPD) admitted in various wards of hospital and 268 (27.18%) were found to be out patients department (OPD). A significant difference in antimicrobial susceptibility was observed with 3rd–generation cephalosporins between hospital and community strains. Of the 986 isolates of K. pneumoniae 284 (28.80%) were confirmed as ESBLs producers by phenotypic detection methods of ESBLs. Among 284 ESBLs 236 (83.09%) were hospital isolates while 48 (16.90%) were from community settings. Among 986 K. pneumoniae isolates 34 (3.44%) strains showed production of KPCs by phenotypic detection methods of KPCs. Out of 34 KPCs producers 26 were from hospital isolates and 8 were from community isolates. Hospital isolates were major ESBLs and KPCs producers. Conclusion- There is a serious need to accentuate on the rational use of antimicrobials and strictly adhere to the concept of the “reserve drug” to minimize the misuse of available antimicrobials. In addition regular antimicrobials susceptibility surveillance, knowledge and its application is essential to reduced current drug resistance rate in hospital as well as in community.

Antibiotic producing actinomycetes can be identified from soil from different locations including various geographical locations. But antibiotic producing actinomycetes are yet to be identified from hospital wasteland soil or drainage soil. In this study, we have identified 11 actinomycetes isolate from five different hospital wasteland and drainage soil of West Bengal, India. Only 1 isolate out of 11 isolates is found to be antibiotic producer and this antibiotic is showing high level of antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. The crude extract of the antibiotic is found to be more active against gram positive microorganisms whereas ethyl acetate fractionated antibiotics is showing almost two fold more activity than its crude counterpart against gram negative microorganisms. Ethyl acetate fractionated antibiotic is demonstrating more activies than standard antibiotic, chloramphenicol against all the test microorganisms. MIC of the antibiotic is estimated to be 18μg against Bacillus cereus. Ethyl acetate fractionated antibiotic shows a single band on TLC plate.

Introduction- Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is gram negative bacterium that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is an opportunistic pathogen in the immunocompromised, causing wound infections, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections. This species is currently listed as a Biosafety level 2 (BL2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. Septic arthritis or synovitis is usually common, clinical manifestations caused by P. agglomerans and often correlated with a predisposing factor i.e. immunodeficiency (diabetes mellitus, malignancies, extremes of age) or use of central catheter. This is first described case of septic arthritis following a road side injury. Case Report- In May 2012, A 40 year old male was admitted to the hospital with pain in left leg since last three months and swelling in his left knee for 4 days which was insidious in onset. On physical examination he was a febrile. His left knee was warm, swollen and tender. Three days later he became febrile and swelling gradually progressed resulting in cellulites. Ampicillin and Gentamicin were initiated/ started empirically. Later on an ill defined ulcer with irregular margin developed associated with purulent discharge. Patient was diagnosed as septic arthritis. Arthrocentesis was done and aspiration of synovial fluid was sent for culture and sensitivity to microbiology department and culture growth was phenotypically identified as P. agglomerans. The final identification of the bacteria by the Vitec 2 Systems (bioMerieux, France) was P. agglomerans. with multidrug resistant pattern in in-vitro testing .