In essence, every plant-microbe interaction is unique with the potential to yield novel information. Plants are members of complex communities and interact both with antagonists and beneficial organisms. The area of plant-microbe interactions is important because it addresses fundamental questions in biology while it also is of practical value for the application of beneficial microbes and the control of harmful pathogens in an environmentally responsible manner.

Laccases are multi copper oxidases having wide substrate specificity mainly found in white-rot fungi, which are the only microorganisms able to degrade the whole wood components. In contrast to most enzymes, which are generally very substrate specific, laccases act on a surprisingly broad range of substrates, including diphenols, polyphenols, different substituted phenols, diamines, aromatic amines, benzenethiols and even some inorganic compounds such as iodine. As they are capable of degrading a wide variety of compounds they are commercially very significant. This project aims at studying the production optimization of laccase using different carbon sources.

Fermentation technology plays a very important role in the field of Biotechnology. Production of various enzymes, antibiotics, single cell proteins, various food products, etc is carried out in a vessel called as the bioreactor which is the seed of fermentation technology. The project includes study of Pectinase production using submerged fermentation and various parameters like different substrate, different strains and fermentation time to obtain the maximum yield of Pectinase. To achieve this various research is being conducted. Aspergillus Niger species was being used in this work for the production of Pectinase.

The Influenza virus is highly potent in causing epidemics and pandemics. It has caused three major pandemics with one more into light. The Spanish pandemic during 1918-19 caused around 50 million deaths world wide. A lot has been studied on influenza but yet it forms a major obstacle to prevent it from spreading its menace repeatedly. Sometime back the H5N1 strain was considered to be the agent of pandemic but yet again the sporadic evolution of A/H1N1 strain spread its menace unexpectedly with an efficient human to human transmission. A lot of studies have been done in molecular levels about the virulence of influenza but yet difficult to control. This is the time to revive our knowledge on influenza and the target of this review is the H5N1 strain of virus because of its extreme virulent nature and thus could be the agent of next pandemic.

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of bromine on the biological activity of pyrazolines. Some previously synthesized substituted pyrazolines were brominated by bromine in acetic acid. The synthesized bromo-benzothiazolopyrazolines were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and PMR spectra. The synthesized bromo-benzothiazolopyrazolines were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria.

With the increasing demand in agriculture it has become important for us to increase the productivity by using various fertilizers insecticides Pesticides .But with the tremendous use of these products the soil has been affected badly because of the depletion in the essential minerals of the soil. So to overcome this problem it has become important for all of us touse a different remedy for the production of various biofertilizers. The production if such biofertilizers from various microorganisms was studied from this work.

Standardization of a Bioreactor for Industrial purpose is of prime importance. The construction of the Bioreactor needs a proper understanding of the different parts of the bioreactor and how they could be used. Hence the basic focus of this work was the Construction and the Standardization of the Bioreactor. The Production of Protease was done by altering the pH and checking the KL a level in the fermentation Process.