Type II diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease. In 2014, 9% of adults 18 years and older had diabetes. In 2012, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths. More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. In India, about 5% populations suffer from diabetes or related complication. DM chronic auditory complications may include spiral ganglia atrophy, degeneration of the vestibulocochlear nerve myelin sheath, reduction of the number of spiral lamina nerve fibers, and thickening of the capillary walls of the stria vascular is and small arteries which lead to hearing loss. Aim and Objective: This study aims to know the incidence of hearing loss and to establish correlation with clinical parameters & personal hygiene of individuals. Materials & Methods: Sixty-four subjects were diagnosed as type II recruited in this study are heavy vehicle drivers & helpers. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) analysis study featuring hearing impairment in all individuals has been done after interviewed by various sets of questions related to listening ability. All subjects underwent a physical examination, blood investigations to confirm metabolic disorders & audiometric examination to evaluate hearing loss. Results & Conclusion: Conductive hearing loss is higher amongst the all three types as compared to sensory neural hearing loss & mixed hearing loss. There is no definite pattern of audiometric results; it could be variation in pre-assessment preparation of individuals subject. Certain medications used may cause damage of hair cells in the inner ear that may be the reason of higher frequency among the study subjects affected by sensory neural hearing loss compared with other two types.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is an important coronary risk factor. Few studies from western India have reported prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, particularly in preventive health checkup program. Objective: To determine prevalence of dyslipidemia in apparently healthy adults attending preventive health checkup program in rural Gujarat. Methods: From medical record database of the hospital, data of 1050 Individuals who were not known case of coronary artery disease and was undergoing preventive health checkup program were taken for analysis. Health records and cholesterol levels were recorded and analyzed based on NCEP -ATP III cut offs. Total cholesterol >200 mg/dl, HDL-C <40 mg/dl, LDLC >130 mg % and TG >150 mg% were defined as abnormal as per NCEP-ATP III criteria. Results: The mean values (+SD) of lipid abnormality in studied population were TC= 190+40 mg/dl, LDL= 108+32.6 mg/dl, HDL =49+14.6 mg/dl, TG 124+67.6 mg/dl. Mean TC: HDL ratio was 3.96+0.97 and mean LDL: HDL ratio was 2.37+0.97. Overall, 57.7 % was found to be dyslipidemic with above criteria, more so in males and in diabetics. Low HDLC was most common lipid abnormality in our population and male gender was found be single most important risk factor for low HDLC among studied variables. Serum TG levels were found to be significantly affected by age and presence of hypertension. Conclusions: The high prevalence of dyslipidemia in studied population is alarming, particularly so in younger population, even in rural areas and preventive measures should be taken early to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in the community.

Introduction: Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical sign in neonatal medicine and is a common cause of sensory neural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy. If not controlled, hyperbilirubinemia can lead to hyperbilirubinemic encephalopathy, or neonatal death. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) has expanded the possibility of objective testing of hearing functions. This is an effective and simple method and measures the specific part of the auditory pathway. Hence the present study was designed to determine the initial BERA abnormalities and hearing loss in term neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia, to compare the findings of BERA between the cases (hyperbilirubinemic neonates requiring treatment that is total Serum Bilirubin >15 mg/dl) and controls (hyperbilirubinemic neonates not requiring treatment that is total serum bilirubin < 12 mg/dL) and also to compare initial BERA findings with follow up BERA findings at two to four months. Methods: This is prospective Case control study conducted between July 2012 to Sept 2014 in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune India. 120 neonates as cases and 120 neonates as controls were included in the study. Conclusion: Hearing loss and BERA abnormalities was significantly more among cases with total serum bilirubin levels>15 mg/dL compared to neonates with total serum bilirubin < 12mg/dL in neonatal nursery unit. BERA is a simple, effective and reliable and non-invasive technique for determining auditory functions in the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.