In most people the ear lobes hang free (unattached). This is the dominant trait (E). the attached earlobe is recessive (e). In this study a selective Iraqi sample (66) were examined for attached or free ear lobe, hairy ear and short fingers. The results showed a very strong relation between attached ear lobe and the other two characters, P value equals 0.00 in both. Also the relation between hairy ear and short fingers characters was very strong, P value equals 0.00. Experimental work showed that all men who have attached ear lobe and hairy ear have translocation in chromosome number 22.

The demineralization of enamel surfaces adjacent to orthodontic attachments is a disturbingly prevalent and clinically significant iatrogenic effect of multi bracket appliance therapy. The diagnosis, prevention and treatment of white spot lesions are crucial to prevent dental caries as well as to minimize tooth discoloration that can compromise the aesthetics of a smile. This article reviews contemporary relevant literature on enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy with an emphasis on different modalities- both established and experimental, for its prevention and treatment.

In vitro, He-Ne laser show a modifying response of cells to ionizing radiations. So there is a need to show the effect of He-Ne laser (632.8 nm), Ultraviolet radiation UVC (250 nm) and He-Ne laser pre and post irradiation against the UVC radiation in vivo on sperm morphology of testis in Mice. In this study 100 albino male mice were divided into five groups, the first group is control which have (10) number of mice, the second group is Laser which have (27) number of mice were divided into three groups different time periods (5, 10, 15 min), the third group is Ultraviolet radiation (UVC) which have (9) number of mice and duration of exposure one hour, the fourth is group laser (5, 10 and 15 min) + UVC (1 hr.) which have (27) number of mice, with ½ hr. time interval between the two irradiations and the finally group is UVC (1 hr.) + laser (5, 10, 15 min) which have (27) number of mice, with ½ hr. time interval between the two irradiations was monitor the effect of radiation on mice according to the classification totals above after various time periods (7, 14, 21 days). Four sperm head abnormality features were found after each type of irradiation. But the He-Ne laser pre-irradiation against UVC irradiation lower the frequencies of sperm head abnormalities. Both UVC and He-Ne laser irradiations revealed a toxic effect on sperm head morphology, but the He-Ne laser was found less effective. The He-Ne laser per-irradiation show a protection properties, which appeared on both sperm head abnormalities and the protective properties were observed only when He-Ne laser irradiation was applied before the UVC irradiation.