Corynebacteria other than C. diphtheriae are increasingly being implicated as pathogens. C. ulcerans, C. urealyticum, C. amycola-tum, C. striatum are some of the species being increasingly identified and implicated as pathogens. C. striatum has been associated with wound infections, respirarory tract infections and foreign body infections. Further it can establish itself as a nosocomial pathogen. We describe a case of Corynebacterium striatum, necrotizing fasciitis in a HBsAg positive patient, with history of trauma. The bacterium was considered etiologically significant as the gram smear from the sample showed numerous gram positive bacilli & culture rendered pure growth of C. stria-tum. The isolate was identified by the Vitek 2C automated ID system from Biomeriux. Patient was treated by the culture-sensitivity report. Fol-lowing which he needed a skin graft. He was discharged with complete recovery. C. striatum is often implicated as pathogen in immunocom-promised and now also in immunocompetent patients.

Body fluid volume and electrolyte concentration are normally maintained within very narrow limits despite wide variations in dietary intake, metabolic activity & environmental stresses. It is hypothesized that water retention in healthy people demonstrates weight fluctuations within 2-3 kg while obese subjects demonstrate more than 4 to 5 kg. Unpublished data reveals that people with increased weight gain, resorting to restricted diet, prolonged exercise or decreased calorie intake, experienced fluctuations in body weight and altered fluid electrolyte balance. Sodium intake, particularly from processed foods is reported to be one of the causes of water related weight gain. However, studies on fluid balance of healthy subjects with increased body mass index are very scanty. The present study has observed linear relation between BMI and water retention. We hypothesize that subject with higher BMI demonstrated water retention leading to increase fat store and weight gain.

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific syndrome characterised with hypertension, proteinuria and in severe cases manifest as hepatic, renal or CNS symptoms. Extensive studies on the etiological factors behind said syndrome have been carried out for the last three decades, however concrete evidence based information on its aetiopathogenesis is yet to be presented. The manifestations of Pre-Eclampsia, generally seen after 20 weeks of gestation, have been reported due to amalgamation of two major pathological events namely placental hypo-perfusion and endothelial cell injury and leading to the advancement of the disease. The main objective of this study is to review the recent reports & hypothesis regarding aetiology and pathophysiology of Pre-eclampsia and present an overview on viability of reported hypothesis based on the cumulative opinion to provide evidenced based knowledge on the various factors that may contribute and cause the aforesaid syndrome. The review suggests that development of preeclampsia involves interaction of many physiological processes resulting from altered hemodynamics attributed to circulatory biomarkers which in turn produce profound influence on blood flow and arterial blood pressure regulation. We also hypothesize that complete profile of vasoactive biomarkers needs to be evaluated in order to explore their pathophysiological role in aetiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. This paper thus provides scope for further research to study the effects of interplay of uteroplacental factors in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Aim and Objective- Anal fistula is a condition which has been recognized as a difficult surgical disease in all the ancient [1] and modern medical sciences of the world. The approach to the treatment for a single disease is only suggestive of the fact that none of these methods is satisfactory. 'Ksharsutra' is being used successfully in the management of anal fistula [2], but in the case of High Anal / Horse Shoe Fistula particularly it is not convenient as size of wound is big which increases duration of therapy and hospitalization and ultimately on cost of therapy. To overcome all these problems, partial fistulectomy with 'Ksharsutra' is the ray of Hope. Material and Methods- Patients are recruited from Shalyatantra OPD after confirmed diagnosis. Ethical guidelines of ICMR for human research were strictly followed. Results and Discussion- All Patients were diagnosed, investigated and after physical fitness under spinal anesthesia, Partial Fistulectomy with 'Ksharsutra' was carried out. 'Ksharsutra' was changed on weekly basis & patients were observed for parameters during this weekly follow-up for 12 weeks. All observations were recorded in the Case record Form. All study data was analyzed by applying Students Paired‘t’ test and significance 'P' value calculated for individual symptoms. Conclusion- High anal fistula with partial fistulectomy 'Ksharsutra' is an ideal treatment because recovery of disease is fast & none of expected complication like incontinence of sphincter control, fecal soiling, rectal prolapse were found & recurrence rate is only 3-4%. So this therapy is effective, has less complications with minimal récurrence rate.

Dental and periodontal diseases are affecting large number of people in the developing countries. In India the prevalence of dental and periodontal disease in adults (from 60%-80%) is more than in developed countries. Dryness of mouth is common in the adults and in people taking multiple medicines. This can affect the oral health. Aim of this study is to study the effect of olive oil on the evaporation of water. Objective: To find out whether olive oil decreases the evaporation of water at room temperature. Design: The lower container of clean and dry petri dishes (internal diameter- 91mm and height-15mm) were used and study was done in two sets • For one set (set A) of five petri dishes-(internal diameter- 91mm and height-15mm) 20 ml of distilled water was added to each petri dish. A total of 15 observations were made. • For another set (set B) of five petri dishes first 20 ml of distilled water was added to each petri dish and later 2 ml of virgin olive oil (Figaro) was added to each one. A total of 15 observations were made. Method: Both the sets of petri dishes were kept at room temperature and they were weighed at the end of one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours and five hours. Results: there is a significant decrease in the evaporation of water in the petri dishes containing distilled water and olive oil. Conclusions: Olive oil is very effective in reducing the evaporation of water and this can be of help in the protection of gums and teeth.