Blood Cell segmentation is a challenging problem due to both the complex nature of the cells and the uncertainty present in video microscopy. Manual methods for this purpose are imprecise and highly subjective, thus requiring automated methods that perform this task in an objective and efficient way. In this project, we propose a novel method to segment blood cells by performing standard count and classifying white blood cells by differential count. Two types of blood cell analysis are performed: complete blood count and differential blood count. In complete blood count the numbers of erythrocytes (red cells), leukocytes (white cells) and platelets in the blood (the blood in the circulatory system) are counted to obtain a concentration of cells per unit volume. In a differential blood count the different classes of leukocytes (WBC) in the blood are counted to provide a more detailed diagnosis. Thus, the idea of our project is to serve the pathologists, medical technicians for the same, by using Image Processing techniques. This project is an attempt to embed visual perception and statistical intelligence of pathologist in “Image Processing System”. It uses dedicated algorithms to process the image of the blood sample.

Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound which finds a range of applications in many industries. Benzyl derivatives are food additives, used for increasing the taste of food and beverages. It is therefore important to evaluate its genotoxicity and assign the threshold concentration that is permissible for inclusion in edible items. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of benzaldehyde on Drosophila melanogaster. Two day-old adult males and 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to varying concentrations of the chemical by allowing them to feed on media, containing benzaldehyde. The treated series were compared to the control group (media mixed with distilled water). Our results demonstrated that benzaldehyde induced genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Benzaldehyde caused increased incidence of mutated phenotypes including orange discoloration of thorax and abdomen that was carried over to the F1 generation. The flies lost their viability at higher concentrations of the drug. To assess the phenotypic mutations at the molecular level, protein profiles of the extracts obtained from 3rd instar larvae from control and drug exposed were compared by SDS PAGE. The protein profiling results demonstrated changes in several major proteins. The Wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) was used to assess the degree of genotoxicity, by evaluating mitotic recombination and mutations. Trans-heterozygous larvae obtained from the crossing of multiple wing hair and flare(mwh/flr3) were subjected to various concentrations of benzaldehyde. Wing analysis showed single spots that represent mutated flr3 clone and twin spots for mutated mwh clone.

Objective- To investigate the 2010 reported morbidity and mortality rates for five major childhood diseases; malaria, anemia, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and worm infestation affecting children 0-11 months in Kenema District, eastern Sierra Leone. Design and Setting- Analysis of admission data collected in 120 public health units for children 0-11months who sought healthcare interventions for malaria, anemia, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and worm infestation; and 60 questionnaires administered to primary health unit (PHU) in-charges in Kenema District in 2010. Kenema District has an area of 6,053km2 and is divided into sixteen chiefdoms with a total population of 497,948 inhabitants. Subjects- Children 0-11months who received healthcare interventions for malaria, anemia, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and worm infestation in 120 PHUs in Kenema District in 2010. 82,161 children below five years reside in Kenema District. Children 12-59 months were excluded from this study so also are U5 children residing outside the study area but sought treatment in Kenema District in 2010. Main Outcome Measures- Case specific morbidity and mortality rates for malaria, anemia, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection and worm infestation for children 0-11 months attending 120 PHUs in Kenema District, Sierra Leone. Results- Malaria recorded the highest morbidity (51.56%) for the five major childhood diseases in 2010. Worm infestation recorded the lowest (0.88%) morbidity. May month recorded the highest (6.5%) cases of malaria for children 0-11months. Malaria accounts for the greatest (45.05%) cause of mortality; the highest (13.96%) mortality rate for malaria was recorded in June. Anemia and ARI have almost similar (22.07% Vs 22.56%) mortality rates for children 0-11months. Conclusion- A large proportion (80%) of the mortality and morbidity rates for children 0-11 months in Kenema District occurred in the onset (May-June) of the raining season. Malaria accounted for the highest annual morbidity (51.56%) and mortality (45.05%) for children 0-11 months in the study area. Healthcare measures such as vaccinations, antibiotic and oral rehydration therapies that are often taken for granted in wealthy countries can save millions of lives for relatively little cost in Kenema District, eastern Sierra Leone.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global problem and WHO reported one million one hundred thousand deaths per year globally due to diabetes [1]. T2DM increases the mortality due to cardiovascular disease [2]. The study was designed to get an idea how the T2DM community of Bengal and Bangladesh are responding to atorvastatin, the kinetics of the improvement of lipid and diabetic status specially LDL Cholesterol (LDLC). Soybean/Sunflower oil was advised to use as a cooking medium as both the oil contains poly unsaturated fatty acid as a result would help to minimize VLDL Cholesterol (VLDLC) and triglycerides (TG). Methods: Four hundred fifty Type 2-Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients of which 400 with slightly elevated lipid profile and 50 patients were T2DM with gross dyslipidaemia were considered as study material. The patients are male and in the age group of 35-50 years. The basal lipid and diabetic profile were estimated. The medication for diabetes and dyslipidaemia were started. The patients were on strict diet regime, nonsmoker, non-alcoholic and user of white oil (soybean/sunflower) as cooking medium. They were on 10mg atorvastatin per day. After 6 months and after 12 months a follow up was done to get an idea about the effect of atorvastatin on the lipid profile of the patients. Results: Both the group of patients with moderate and gross lipidemia have responded well. Even gross dyslipidemics shown improvement with 10mg atorvastatin per day. The diabetes profile and atherogenic profile were also improved. One tailed P value of 0 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months denoted significant changes. Conclusion: The group under study responded well to the diet and medicine regime. So, the population study indicates similar regime may be of help for T2DM and hyperlipidemics of Bengali population.