Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects many organs and tissues and principally attacks synovial joints. It is an autoimmune disease that produces inflammatory response of synovium secondary to hyperplasia of the synovial cells. Recent findings suggest that adiponectin may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however levels of adiponectin in synovial fluid and sera were elevated in patients with RA. Thus, it was suggested that adiponectin can exert significant proinflammatory and matrix-degrading effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of adiponectin before and after administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study was conducted in the period between November 2012 and April 2013 gathering a total sum of seventy five (75) subjects. Forty five (45) of them (patient group) were diagnosed as established RA patients who were attending the rheumatology out patient clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital. Thirty (30) patients of them were on traditional treatment (steroid and/or cytotoxic drugs), while the other fifteen (15) patients were already stopped traditional treatment for at least one month to be given the biological (anti-TNF) treatment, and whom were followed one month later after giving the biological treatment. Mean serum level of adiponectin was statistically higher in patient group (45.00±37.15 ug/dl) than control group (20.56±16.91 ug/dl), but there was no statistical differences in the mean serum level of adiponectin between patients receiving traditional treatment and those receiving biological treatment, nor before and after biological treatment. The serum levels of adiponectin were higher in patient group than control group, so adiponectin can act as a proinflammatory cytokines in patients with RA.