ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS

Z.A. AKHOON1*, H.U. MALIK2, M. SHAHEEN3, A.B. AKHOON4
1Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190019, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190019, Jammu and Kashmir, India
3Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190019, Jammu and Kashmir, India
4University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
* Corresponding Author : drzubair7866@gmail.com

Received : 02-07-2019     Accepted : 26-07-2019     Published : 30-07-2019
Volume : 11     Issue : 7       Pages : 1676 - 1679
Int J Microbiol Res 11.7 (2019):1676-1679

Keywords : Antimicrobial Resistance, Drug Resistance, Superbugs and Super resistance
Academic Editor : Dr Fakir Mohan Sahu, Avinash Sharma
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190019, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed

Cite - MLA : AKHOON, Z.A., et al "ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS." International Journal of Microbiology Research 11.7 (2019):1676-1679.

Cite - APA : AKHOON, Z.A., MALIK, H.U., SHAHEEN, M., AKHOON, A.B. (2019). ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS. International Journal of Microbiology Research, 11 (7), 1676-1679.

Cite - Chicago : AKHOON, Z.A., H.U. MALIK, M. SHAHEEN, and A.B. AKHOON. "ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS." International Journal of Microbiology Research 11, no. 7 (2019):1676-1679.

Copyright : © 2019, Z.A. AKHOON, et al, Published by Bioinfo Publications. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Study of the bacterial pathogens associated with epidemics of human disease have evolved into multidrug resistant (MDR) forms subsequent to antibiotic use. There are many important factors contributing to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials are knowledge, economic incentives and regulatory environment. Some evidence that CAM prevention and treatment strategies can lead to the prescription and consumption of fewer antibiotics. Due to rise in MDR bacteria metal complexation serves as better alternative as it prevents drug resistance and decreases necessary doses.

References

1. Liu B. and Pop M. (2009) Nucleic Acids Res.,37,D443-D447.
2. Raghunath D. (2010) Indian journal of Medical Research, 132(5), 478-481.
3. Nordmann P., Cuzon G., Naas T. (2009) Lancet Infect Dis., 9(4),228-36.
4. Yong D., Toleman M.A., Giske C.G., Cho H.S., Sundnman K., Lee K., et al. (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 53, 5046-54.
5. Koh T.H., Khoo C.T., Wijaya L. (2010) Lancet Infect. Dis., 10,828.
6. Kalan L. and Wright G. D.(2011) Expert. Rev. Mol. Med., 13, e5.
7. Jabes D. (2011) Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 14, 564-569.
8. Amaral L., et al. (2010) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 35, 524-526.
9. Whitman W.B., Coleman D.C. & Wiebe W.J. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 95, 6578-6583.
10. Zoetendal E.G., et al. (2004) Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol., 5, 31-47.
11. Rashid M.U., Weintraub A. & Nord C.E. (2012) Anaerobe., 18, 249-253.
12. Stecher B., Maier L. & Hardt W.D. (2013) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 11, 277-284.
13. Allen H.K., et al. (2013) Trends Microbiol., 21, 114-119.
14. Goren E., et al. (1988) Vet Q. 10, 249-255.
15. Vrieze A., et al. (2013) Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 27, 127-137.
16. Brandt L.J. (2012) Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 8, 191-194.
17. Allen, et al., (2014) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1323,91-100.
18. Abedon S.T., et al. (2011) Bacteriophage, 1, 66-85.
19. Brussow H. (2007) In Bacteriophage, Genetics and Microbiology. S. McGrath, Ed., 159-192. Norfolk, UK, Caister Academic Press.
20. Balogh B., et al. (2010) Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 11, 48-57.
21. Fischetti V.A. (2008) Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 11,393-400.
22. Lim J.A., et al. (2012) Res. Microbiol., 163, 233-241.
23. Vollmer W., et al. (2008) FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 32,259-286.
24. Shokri D., Zaghian S., Khodabakhsh F., Fazeli H., Mobasherizadeh S., Ataei B. (2014) J Microbiol Immunol Infect.,47(5),371-6.
25. Dwidar M., Monnappa A.K. & Mitchell R.J. (2012) BMB Reports, 45, 71-78.
26. Pasternak Z., et al. (2013) ISME J., 7, 756-769.
27. Costerton J. & Keller D. (2007) Gen. Dent., 55, 210-215.
28. Kadouri D.E., To K., Shanks R.M.Q. & Doi Y. (2013) PLoS One, 8, e63397.
29. Atterbury R.J., et al. (2011) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77, 5794-5803.
30. https,//labiotech.eu.
31. Rappuoli R., Bloom D.E., Black S. (2017) Nature, 552,165-167.
32. Kummerfeldt C.E. (2014) Infect Drug Resist., 7, 101-109.
33. Liu C. I., Liu G. Y., Song Y., Yin F., Hensler M. E., Jeng W. Y., Nizet V., Wang A. H. and Oldfield E. (2008) Science 319, 1391-1394.
34. Mitapally S., Taranum Ruheena and Parveen Sumaiya (2018) Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8 (6-s),411-419.
35. David L.A., Maurice C.F., Carmody R.N., et al., (2014) Nature, 505(7484), 559–563.
36. Bermon S., Castell L.M., Calder P.C., et al., (2017) Exercise Immunology Review, 23, 8–50.
37. Caelli M., Porteous J., Carson C.F., Heller R. and Riley T.V. (2000) The Journal of Hospital Infection, 46(3), 236-237.
38. Chouhan D.A. and Pande P. (2014) International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(2) 101.
39. Sharma A., Flores-Vallejo R.D.C., Cardoso-Taketa A. and Villarreal M.L. (2017) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 208, 264–329.