HSP: EVOLVED AND CONSERVED PROTEINS, STRUCTURE AND SEQUENCE STUDIES

Desai N.S.¹*, Agarwal A.A.², Uplap S.S.^3
1Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Plot No.50, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614, MS, India.
²Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Plot No.50, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614, MS, India
³Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Plot No.50, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614, MS, India.
* Corresponding Author : neetindesai@gmail.com

Received : -     Accepted : -     Published : 21-12-2010
Volume : 2     Issue : 2       Pages : 67 - 87
Int J Bioinformatics Res 2.2 (2010):67-87
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-3087.2.2.67-87

Keywords : HSP 60, HSP70, HSP 90, sequence, structure, alignment, conserved and evolution
Conflict of Interest : None declared

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the proteins which are present normally in the cell but their expression level increases under stress condition and are mainly divided into five groups, low molecular weight HSP (LMW HSP), HSP 60, HSP 70, HSP 90 and high molecular weight HSP (HMW HSP). All these classes of HSPs are highly conserved and ubiquitous in nature and hence serve as a good model for phylogenetic analysis. For the first time in this study,the sequence and structural analysis has been carried out to predict evolution of HSPs. The results obtained clearly show higher degree of sequence and structural conservation. HSP 60 and HSP 70 are highly conserved in terms of both sequence and structure alignment in comparison to HSP 90. The minimum amino acid identity that has been observed between all the homologous sequences is 32.46%, 38%, 23.60% for HSP 60, HSP 70 and HSP 90 respectively, indicating HSP 70 as the most conserved protein family followed by HSP 60 and HSP 90 family. The structural analysis of these proteins showed dominance of beta sheets in HSP70 and helices in HSP 90. The detailed analysis of all the HSP homologues revealed high conservation of glycine residues and ATP binding pockets. Thus this study has revealed that HSPs are highly structurally and functionally conserved proteins and warrants further detailed analysis at organism level.

[1] Robert J. (2003) Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 27: 449–464.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[2] Sikora A. and Grzesiuk E. (2007) Journal of physiology and pharmacology, 58 (3):43-62  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[3] Feder M. E. and Hofmann G.E (1999) Annual Review Physiology, 61:243-82  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[4] Serensen J. G., Kristensen T N and Loeschcke V, (2003) Ecology Letters, 6:1025–1037  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[5] Schlesinger M. J. (1986) The Journal of Cell Biology, 103: 321-325.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[6] Ritossa F. (1996) Cell stress and chaperones 1 (2):97-98.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[7] Parcellier A., Gurbuxani S., Schmitt E., Solary E., and Garrido C. (2003) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 304:505–512.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[8] Tomanek L. (2002) Integ. And comp. Boil. 42:797-807  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[9] Diamante S., Eliahu N., Rosenthal D. and Goloubinoff P. (2001) The journal of biological chemistry, 276 (43):39586- 39591.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[10] Feder M.E. Society for experimental biology, seminar series: 59, Cambridge university press  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[11] Feder M.E. (1999) Amer. Zool., 39:857-864.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[12] Moseley P.L. (1997) J.Appl. Physiol., 83(5):1413–1417  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[13] Osteryoung K. W. and Vierling E. (1994) The journal of biological chemistry, 269(46):28676-28682  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[14] Hernandez L.D. and Vierling E. (1993) Plant Physiol., 101:1209-1216.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[15] Wu M.L., Lin T.P., Lin M.Y.,Cheng Y.P. and Hwang S.P. (2007) Annals of Botany, 99:461–475  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[16] Sun W., Montagu M.V. and Verbruggen N. (2002) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta., 1577:1 – 9  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[17] Joe M.K., Park S.M., Lee Y.S., Hwang D.S. and Hong C.B. (2000) Mol Cells.;10(5):519-24  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[18] Basha E., Friedrich K.L., and Vierling E. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281(52):39943- 39952  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[19] Vierling E. (1991) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiology Plant Mol. Biol.; 42:579-620  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[20] Perna N.T., Plunkett G. III, Burland V., Mau B., Glasner J.D., Rose D.J., Mayhew G.F., Evans P.S., Gregor J., Kirkpatrick H.A., Posfai G., Hackett J., Klink S., Boutin A., Shao Y., Miller L., Grotbeck E.J., Davis N.W., Lim A., Dimalanta E., Potamousis K., Apodaca J., Anantharaman T.S., Lin J., Yen G., Schwartz D.C., Welch R.A. and Blattner F.R. (2001) Nature 409 (6819):529-533  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[21] Johnston M., Hillier L., Riles L., Albermann K., Andre B., Ansorge W., Benes V., Bruckner M., Delius H., Dubois E., Dusterhoft A., Entian K.D., Floeth M., Goffeau A., Hebling U., Heumann K., Heuss-Neitzel D., Hilbert H., Hilger F., Kleine K., Kotter P., Louis E.J., Messenguy F., Mewes H.W., Hoheisel J.D. et al. (1997) Nature 387 (6632):87- 90.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[22] Jindal S., Dudani A.K., Singh B., Harley C.B. and Gupta R.S. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. 9 (5): 2279-2283  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[23] Kozlova T., Reynaud E., Perezgasga L. and Zurita M. The D. Melanogasterhomologue of the hsp60 is an essential gene and is differentially expressed during fly development, Unpublished  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[24] Lotscher E. and Allison J.P. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (23):7153.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[25] Jindal S., Dudani A.K., Singh B., Harley C.B. and Gupta R.S. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. 9 (5):2279-2283.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[26] Perna N.T., Plunkett G. III, Burland V., Mau B., Glasner J.D., Rose D.J., Mayhew G.F., Evans P.S., Gregor J., Kirkpatrick H.A., Posfai G., Hackett J., Klink S., Boutin A., Shao Y., Miller L., Grotbeck E.J., Davis N.W., Lim A., Dimalanta E., Potamousis K., Apodaca J., Anantharaman T.S., Lin J., Yen G., Schwartz D.C., Welch R.A. and Blattner F.R. (2001) Nature 409 (6819):529-533  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[27] Wei W., Mccusker J.H., Hyman R.W., Jones T., Ning Y., Cao Z., Gu Z., Bruno D., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Wilhelmy J., Komp C., Tamse R., Wang X., Jia P., Luedi P., Oefner P.J., David L., Dietrich F.S., Li Y., Davis R.W. and Steinmetz L.M. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (31):12825-12830  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[28] Karch F., Torok I. and Tissieres A.(1981) J. Mol. Biol. 148 (3):219-230  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[29] Goto K., Kojima A., Morioka S., Naito T., Akema T., Matsuba Y., Fujiya H., Sugiura T., Ohira Y. and Yoshioka T. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 358 (1):331-335.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[30] Belova G.I., Postnikov Y.V., Furusawa T., Birger Y. and Bustin M. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283 (13):8080-8088  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[31] Wu B., Hunt C. and Morimoto R. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. 5 (2):330-341  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[32] Bardwell J.C. and Craig E.A. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (15):5177- 5181  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[33] Bussey H., Storms R.K., Ahmed A., Albermann K., Allen E., Ansorge W., Araujo R., Aparicio A., Barrell B., Badcock K., Benes V., Botstein D., Bowman S., Bruckner M., Carpenter J., Cherry J.M., Chung E., Churcher C., Coster F., Davis K., Davis R.W., Dietrich F.S., Delius H., Dipaolo T., Hani J. Et al. (1997) Nature 387 (6632):103-105  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[34] Milioni D. and Hatzopoulos P. (1997) Plant Mol. Biol. 35 (6):955-961  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[35] Hoskins R.A., Carlson J.W., Kennedy C., Acevedo D., Evans-Holm M., Frise E., Wan K.H., Park S., Mendez-Lago M., Rossi F., Villasante A., Dimitri P.,Karpen G.H. and Celniker S.E. (2007) Science 316(5831):1625-1628  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[36] Moore S.K., Appella E., Villar C.J. and Kozak C.A (1991) Genomics 10 (4):1019-1029  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[37] Moore S.K., Rijli F. and Appella E. (1990) DNA Cell Biol. 9 (6):387-400  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[38] Yamazaki M., Akaogi K., Miwa T., Imai T., Soeda E. and Yokoyama K. (1989) Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (17):7108  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[39] Rebbe N.F., Ware J., Bertina R.M., Modrich P. and Stafford D.W. (1987) Gene 53 (2-3):235-245  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[40] Arnold K., Bordoli L., Kopp J., and Schwede T. (2006) Bioinformatics, 22:195-201  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[41] Kopp J. and Schwede T. (2004) Nucleic Acids Research, 32:D230-D234  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[42] Schwede T., Kopp J., Guex N., and Peitsch M.C. (2003) Nucleic Acids Research, 31:3381-3385  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[43] Guex N. and Peitsch M. C. (1997) Electrophoresis, 18:2714-2723  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[44] Peitsch M. C. (1995) Bio/Technology, 13:658-660  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[45] Hall T.A. (1999) Nucl. Acids. Symp. Ser., 41:95-98  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[46] Higgins D., Thompson J., Gibson T., Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G. and Gibson T.J. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res; 22:4673–4680  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[47] Guex N. and Peitsch M.C. (1997) Electrophoresis, 18:2714-2723  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[48] Karlin S. and Brocchieri L. (2000) PNAS 10, 97 (21):11349  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[49] Brocchieri L. and Karlin S. (2000) Protein Science, 9:476–486  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[50] Itoh H., Komatsuda A., Ohtani H., Wakui H., Imai H., Sawada K., Otaka M, Ogura M., Suzuki A. and Hamada F. (2002) Eur. J. Biochem. 269:5931–5938  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[51] Renner T. and Waters E. R. (2007) Cell Stress & Chaperones 12 (2):172–185  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[52] Gupta R. S. and Singh B.(1994) Current Biology, 4:1104-1114.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[53] Krebs A. R. and Bettencourt B.R. (1999) Amer. Zool., 39:910-919  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[54] Hohfeld J., Cyr M. D. and Patterson C. (2001) EMBO reports, 2(10):885-890.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[55] Gehrmann M., Radons J. and Molls M. (2008) Cell Stress and Chaperones; 13:1-10  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[56] Shaner L. and Morano A. K. (2007) Cell Stress and Chaperones; 12(1):1-8.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[57] Gupta R. S. (1995) Mol. Bio. Evol. 12(6):1063-1073.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[58] Chen B., Zhong D. and Monteiro A. (2006) BMC Genomics, 7:156.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[59] Sgobba M., Degliesposti G., Ferrari A. M. and Rastelli G. (2008) Chem Biol Drug Des; 71: 420–433  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus