SYNTHESIZED AND CHACTERISATION POLYMERIC MATERIALS BASED ON COCONUT OIL, ROSIN & MALEIC ANHYDRIDES

DHAKITE P.A.¹*, PHATE B.W.², GOGTE B.B.^3
1Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering and Reserach, Sawangi (M), Wardha, MS, India.
²Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, MS, India.
³Shri. Shankarprasad Agnihotri College of Engg. Ramnagar, Wardha, MS, India.
* Corresponding Author : pravinchemkb@rediffmail.com

Received : 28-02-2012     Accepted : 06-03-2012     Published : 15-03-2012
Volume : 3     Issue : 1       Pages : 77 - 79
Int J Knowl Eng 3.1 (2012):77-79

Conflict of Interest : None declared

Polymeric materials are used in detergent formulations since thirty five years, for performing useful functions like adsorption on fabric, surface, clay soil dispersancy and removal of Ca and Mg ions by sequestrization. In the present work, rosinated alkyds have been synthesized based Coconut oil, Rosin & Maleic anhydrides. The entire samples have been analyzed for physicochemical characteristics like acid value, HLB ratio, viscosity, oxirane-oxygen value and molecular weight. The spectroscopic studies indicate the presence of free acid, ester, ether and free hydroxyl groups in the polymer structure. Use of polymeric materials in detergent gives good foam height, cleansing capability and stain removing chacteristics such formulations can be easily prepared and compared with the commercial samples. An alternative production line has been suggested for existing alkyd resins plants and some formulations which are technically excellent, environmentally viable option and yet cost effective has been identified for pilot plant production.

Polymeric materials. Rosinated Alkyds, Alkyds resin

Introduction
A novel polymeric surfactant based on coconut oil [1] , maleic anhydride [2] and rosin [3] has been synthesized, technically it is a rosinated short oil alkyd resin [4] . Short oil alkyd resin has been successfully used as polymeric materials in various powder and liquid detergents. Coconut oil is an edible oil with enormous industrial use extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconut harvested from the coconut palm. Rosin is the residue obtained from the distillation of pine exudates. It is abundantly available and widely used in a large number of industrial products like paints, detergents, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals In this piece of research work, the mole ratio, catalyst and heating schedule has been standardized to get an alkyd resin with molecular weight5 in the range of 3000 to 5000. The conditions have been worked out to get desired acid value [5] , hydrophilic-lipophlic balance [6] , viscosity [7] , oxirane-oxygen value [8] molecular weight [9] and solubility chacteristics.
Then synthesis polymers have been used in powder and liquid detergents. The idea is to develop an ecofriendly, cost effective and technically sound powder and liquid detergents based mainly on renewable resources. It is observed that the utilization of coconut oil, rosin based polymer for the synthesis of detergent is economically and environmentally viable option.
Polymeric surfactants are an exciting new addition to the existing product range of surfactants. Polymeric Surfactants when incorporated into detergent they offer following performance features.
1. Ca and Mg sequesterization
2. Clay soil disperancy
3. Calcium carbonate inhibition
4. Prevention of soil redeposit ion
5. Fabric anti incrustation

Synthesis of Polymer
The reaction was carried out in a 2 litre capacity glass reactor with four opening. At first 50% of total amount of coconut oil, rosin and catalysts were heated slowly at 800±20C for half an hours then slurry of remaining 50% coconut oil and maleic anhydride with glycerol were added in about 15 minutes.
First the contents were heated at 130ËšC for two hours. This initial heating allows maleic anhydride to sublime and reacts with rosin and oil. Now the temperatures was brought to 80ËšC and xylene:butanol solvent (3:1 by weight) was added. Now the temperature as raised slowly to 200ËšC. Then the reaction was continued for 2 hours. At the end all the solvents were completely eliminated by slowly evaporation at 90ËšC. Acid value and viscosity was observed periodically.

The prepared polymer was neutralized by 30% solution of KOH. During neutralization, temperature of the polymer and 30% KOH solution was maintained at 60°C. Small slots of 5 to 10 ml of 30% KOH solution was added till we get desired pH.

In our laboratory, replacement of petroleum based linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS) with natural products like vegetables oil, rosin, starch, sugar have been investigated by earlier researchers. They found that the short oil alkyd resin based on rice brain oil, linseed oil and higher proportion of rosin give excellent liquid, powder and cake detergent. Coconut oil is known to give hard, stable, and free lathering soaps while rosin soaps where also used in earlier soap preparations for improving
solubility, free lathering, shine and bright appearance to soap. In this context, we decided to device and design alkyd composition based mainly on rosin, coconut oil and glycerol which are mainly of vegetables origin.
Results and discussion is given below
1. The physicochemical properties of polymer AR-4are given in [Table-2] . The acid value of the samples is 38.43 It is observed that the higher acid values correspond to the compositions containing higher proportions of maleic anhydride. The value indicates the definite esterification of acid groups of maleic anhydride and alcoholic groups of glycerol.
2. The H.L.B. value of the products strongly shows that the novel polymer can be used in making liquid, powder and cake detergent. The sample is soluble in carbon tetrachloride.
3. The viscosity of sample is appreciably high and shows that polymerization has occurred to a considerable range.
4. The oxirane-oxygen content is quite high indicating presence of ethoxy groups in the molecule. This ethoxy groups arise because of reactions of OH groups in glycerol and OH in triglycerides to form ethoxy rings. These ethoxy groups will give exceptional properties to these alkyd polymeric surfactants.
5. The analysis of IR spectra of Novel Polymer helps to identify the presence of carboxylic group, free hydroxyl group, ether as well as ester group. NMR spectra of Novel Polymer reveal the presence of aromatic and aliphatic protons, ester and ether groups.

A useful novel polymer of desired molecular weight and acid value can be prepared based on higher proportions of rosin and smaller proportions of coconut oil, maleic anhydride and glycerol. The order of reaction, time of heating, cooking schedule and catalyst has been standardized. The method of cooking is simple, easy to operate and without complications. Normally polymer cooking requires a heating schedule of 12 to 15 hours while our heating schedule is of 6-8 hours duration. This is certainly saving time and energy.
The physicochemical analysis of novel polymers shows that theacid value is 38.43 and HLB ratio in the 13.82. Polymers with higher acid value are easy to neutralize. So we can convert this polymer into water soluble product. The HLB ratio indicates the possibility of these novel polymers in preparation of liquid, powder and cake detergents.
The Molecular weight of the samples is 5000, which is ideal for using as a polymeric surfactant.
The analysis of IR spectra of Novel Polymer helps to identify the presence of carboxylic group, free hydroxyl group, ether as well as ester group in the polymeric moiety. NMR spectra of Novel Polymer show the presence of aromatic protons, aliphatic protons and aliphatic group attached to heteroatom.

[1] Fife B. (2005) Coconut Cures Piccadilly Books, Ltd. 184-185.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[2] Felthouse T.R., Burnett J.C., Horrell B., Mummey M.J. and Kuo Y. (2001) Maleic anhydride, Maleic acid and fumaric acid, Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation, Kirk online, 2-43.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[3] Indian Standards, lndian Standards Institution, Delhi, Publication No.553 1969.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[4] Taylor C.J., Marks S. (1972) Paint technology Manual-part III convertible coatings, Chapman & Hall publications. London, 24-36.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[5] ASTM Standard Method, 6.01D, (1981) (For Acid value of organic coating materials), American Society for testing materials, 1639-70.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[6] Jellinek S.J. (1982) John Willey and Sons, New York, 20; 780-80.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[7] ASTM standard Method, 6.01, D (1982), (For Viscosity of Paint, Varnishes and lacquers, Resins etc. by Ford cup method), 1200-82.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[8] Melhlen Bacher V.C. (1960) The Analysis of Fats and oils Garrard Publication, champaignllinois, 299-308.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[9] Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and technology, 1(9) John Wiley and sons, (1982); 182-191.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[10] Silverstein R.M. Spectrometric Identification of organic compounds, 1991) John Wiley and sons, Inc., 5; 300-306.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[11] Kalsi P.S. (1999) New Age International Publisher Ltd., 4, 21-41.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

	Spectra 1- Infra-Red Spectra of Novel Polymer (AR-4)
	Spectra 2- NMR Spectra of Novel Polymer(AR-4)
	Table 1- Composition of Novel polymers
	Table 2- Physicochemical Analysis of Novel Rosinated Alkyd Resins based on coconut oil and rosin
	Table 3- The IR-spectral data of Novel Polymer AR-4
	Table 4- The NMR-spectral data of Novel Polymer AR-4