INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIME AND SYSTEMS OF CULTIVATION OF KHARIF (WET SEASON) RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES ON NUTRIENT AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN EASTERN COASTAL ALLUVIAL SOIL OF INDIA

SANAT KUMAR DWIBEDI¹*, GOPAL CHANDRA DE², SUDHI RANJAN DHUA^3
1Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
²Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, Bolpur, West, Bengal, India
³National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
* Corresponding Author : sanatdwibedi@rediffmail.com

Received : 30-07-2016     Accepted : 10-08-2016     Published : 27-10-2016
Volume : 8     Issue : 51       Pages : 2335 - 2340
Int J Agr Sci 8.51 (2016):2335-2340

Keywords : Sowing time, Cropping system, Nutrient uptake, Internal nutrient use efficiency, Water use efficiency, Rice
Academic Editor : Subrat Kumar Behera
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : The technical and informative support of Visva Bharati University, West Bengal; National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack; Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jagatsinghpur and College of Agriculture, Chiplima for conducting such Doctoral Research on “Relative performance of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Coastal Plains of Orissa” are highly acknowledged.
Author Contribution : None declared

Grain yield and plant nutrient accumulation in above ground part were estimated at physiological maturity stage of rice genotypes to study the influence of sowing time and systems of cultivation in coastal alluvial soil of Odisha, India during kharif 2009 and 2010. The field experiments were conducted in split split-plot design with three dates of sowing i.e. 20 June, 5 and 20 July in the main plots, three systems of cultivation i.e. Best Management Practice (BMP), System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Modified SRI (MSRI) in sub-plots and two genotypes of rice i.e. hybrid Ajay and cv. Tapaswini in the sub-plots, giving rise to 18 treatment combinations that were replicated thrice. 20 June sowing of rice produced significantly the highest grain and straw yields followed by 5 and 20 July sowings. Early sown rice due to its superior yield ability could uptake the highest quantity of primary plant nutrients in spite of their marginal content in grain and straw. Sowing rice by 20 June could enhance the uptake of N, P and K by 20.7%, 29.43% and 27.17% over 20 July sown rice. Internal nitrogen (INE) and phosphorous use efficiency (IPE) were higher in rice sown by 20 July than in 20 June. However, internal potassium use efficiency (IKE) did not differ statistically either due to difference in sowing time or systems of cultivation. The HYV Tapaswini had significantly higher INE, IPE and IKE than hybrid Ajay due to accumulation of relatively more nutrients in grains compared to the straw. The water requirement (WR) by 20 June sown rice was 5.13% and 15.33% higher than in 5 and 20 July sown crop. BMP compared to the other two systems and Ajay compared to Tapaswini had significantly higher WR. Water productivity index (WPI) was significantly the highest in MSRI followed by SRI and BMP. Dates of sowing had no such effect on WPI of rice.