EFFECT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION ON SESAME IN EASTERN REGION OF RAJASTHAN

The Research study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Sawai Madhopur during kharif-2017 under National Mission on Oilseed and Oilpalm (NMOOP) Project to enhancement the productivity and profitability of sesame by transfer of improved technology. The result revealed that the maximum seed yield of sesame was obtained under demonstrated plots ranged between 6.27 q/ha to 6.72 q/ha with an average of 6.45 q/ha which was 25.97 percent higher as compared to local check with an average of 5.12 q/ha. Extension gap between demonstrated plots and local check was found with an average of 1.33 q/ha . The maximum average net returns (Rs. 31190 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.70) were recorded under demonstrated plots as compared to local check (Rs. 22603 ha -1 and 1.87 respectively). KeywordsSesame, Front Line Demonstration, Net return, B: C Ratio.


Introduction
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) is called as 'queen of oilseeds crops' by virtue of its excellent oil quality. It is mainly cultivated in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Orissa. It is having the highest oil content (46-64%) and dietary energy (6355 kcal/ kg). its oil unlike other fats is highly stable and does not develop rancidity leading to loss of flavor and vitamin. India is the largest producer and exporter of sesame in the world Puspha, et.al. [1] Sesame is grown in an area of 7.54 million hectares with a production of 3.34 million tones in the world with a productivity of 443 kg/ha. China, Myanmar and Sudan account for 40% of the world's sesame production. In India, sesame is grown in about 1.8 million hectares with a total production of 0.76 million tones and productivity of 422 kg/ha. West Bengal alone accounts for 25% of the total sesame production in India. The other major sesame-producing states are Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh FAI, [2]. Use of improved production technologies of sesame offers a great scope for increasing productivity and profitability. Keeping in this view front line demonstration on sesame was conducted to know improve the productivity and profitability of sesame in eastern region of Rajasthan.

Materials and Methods
The front line demonstrations were conducted on 125 farmer's field of five adopted village viz. Sinoli, Kustla, Jeevad, Padra, Mainpura of Sawai Madhopur District of Rajasthan during Kharif-2017 in Rain fed condition on low to medium soil fertility status. The package of practice of improved production technologies such as improved variety, seed treatment, plant protection measures were mentioned in demonstrated plots. Seed treatment is completed with carbendazim @ 2 g/kg seed. Line sowing method is used for seed sowing in demonstrated plots. Row to Row distance 45 cm and Plant to Plant distance 10 cm is kept under Demonstration practices. 2.5 kg/ha of Seed rate was kept under demonstrated plots. Recommended dose of fertilizer was applied through DAP, single super phosphate and Urea under demonstrated plots. Full dose of phosphorus and half dose of Nitrogen were given as Basal dose. The remaining half dose of Nitrogen was given by top dressing in two split doses at 30 DAS and 45 DAS. Weed management in demonstrated plots were done by hand weeding at 25 DAS. The crop was completed during 25 September to 15 October when the capsules are greenish yellow and leaves turns yellow colored. The technology index shows the feasibility of the evolved technology at the farmers' field. The lower the value of technology index more is the feasibility of the technology. The technology index is 19.37 percent for Sesame which shows the good performance by these varieties in eastern region of Rajasthan and this will accelerate the adoption of new varieties to increase the productivity of sesame in this area. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical procedures. To estimate the technology gap, extension gap and the technology index the formulae given at the bottom of the page has been used. Samui, et.,al. [3].

Result and Discussion Yield characters
The data on yield attributing characters of sesame are presented in [Table -1] showed that the maximum seed yield of sesame was found under demonstrated plots ranged between 6.27 q/ha to 6.72 q/ha with an average of 6.45 q/ha as compared to local check with an average of 5.12 q/ha. Similar enhancement in seed yield of Sesame under demonstrated plots was reported by R. L. Saga, ret al [4], Deshmukh, et al. [5] and Patel, et al. [6]. Yield of the front line demonstration trials and potential yield of the crop was compared to estimate the yield gaps Effect of Front Line Demonstration on Sesame in Eastern region of Rajasthan which were further categorized into technology gap and extension gaps Hire math and Nagaraju, [7]. The technology index indicated the feasibility of evolved at the farmer field. Lower the value of technology index more is the feasibility of the technology demonstrated [4,8].

Extension gap and Technology gap
The data on Extension gap & Technology gap of sesame are presented in [ Table-1] revealed that the extension gap between demonstrated plots and farmer's plots was recorded with an average of 1.33 q/ha. Technology gap of variety was found with an average of 1.55 q/ha due to lack of rainfall during flowering and pod formation stage. The results clearly showed that due to knowledge and adoption of scientific practices by the farmers, the yield of Sesame could be increased by 25.97 percent over the yield obtained under farmers' practices. The above findings were similar with the findings of Dubey, et al. [9] and Yadav, et al. [10] Economic Return The data on Economic return of sesame are presented in [  [10], Singh, et al. [11] and Lathwal [12].

Conclusion
The research study clearly showed that the front line demonstration was effective in changing attitude of farmers against cultivation of sesame production technology. The above results showed that the maximum seed yield of sesame under demonstrated plots higher (6.45 q/ha) as compared to local check (5.12 q/ha). The maximum net return (Rs. 31190 ha -1 ) and Benefit Cost Ratio (2.70) were recorded under demonstrated plots higher as compared to local check (Rs. 22603 ha -1 and 1.87 respectively). Thus, Front Line Demonstration was helpful in replacement of local varieties with improved varieties of Sesame crops.